すべての全固体電池の柔軟性が期待されます-リチウムイオンバッテリー機器
2023年1月7日
Some time ago, foreign media released a news that Fisker, an electric vehicle, has applied for a patent for solid state lithium battery, with a maximum range of 800 kilometers and a charging time of only 1 minute. This is undoubtedly a great breakthrough in the new energy industry, which is of great significance for the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles.
What is an all solid state battery?
Generally speaking, an all solid state battery is one in which there is no gas or liquid and all materials exist in solid state.
What are the advantages of solid-state batteries?
1. High energy density
After the use of all solid state electrolyte, the applicable material system of lithium ion battery will also change. One of the core points is that it is not necessary to use lithium embedded graphite anode, but directly use metal lithium as the anode, which can significantly reduce the amount of anode material, and significantly improve the energy density of the entire battery.
Compared with ordinary lithium-ion batteries, the energy density of all solid state batteries can be greatly improved: now, in many laboratories, all solid state batteries with an energy density of 300-400Wh/kg can be trial produced on a small scale.
2. Small size
With the increase of energy density, the volume of the battery will become smaller and smaller. In traditional lithium-ion batteries, separators and electrolytes need to be used, which together account for nearly 40% of the volume and 25% of the mass of the battery. If they are replaced by solid electrolytes (mainly organic and inorganic ceramic materials), the distance between positive and negative electrodes (traditionally filled by membrane electrolyte, now filled by solid electrolyte) can be shortened to a few to ten microns, so the thickness of the cell can be greatly reduced - therefore, all solid state battery technology is the only way to miniaturize and thin-film batteries.(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
3. Security
The operating temperature range of solid state lithium battery is wider. Even if there is a local short circuit, only the polymer melts and becomes an insulator after melting. If thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery will increase. Because the melting temperature of lithium metal is 180 degrees, even if it reaches 180 degrees, after lithium is melted, a space will be left for making the battery cell, and lithium metal can go to the reserved place.
Even the most rigorous puncture test did not exceed the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium battery.
4. The prospect of flexibility
The all solid state battery can be further optimized to become a flexible battery. By using appropriate packaging materials, the battery can withstand hundreds to thousands of times of bending to ensure that the performance is basically not degraded. In fact, flexible electronic devices represented by various wearable devices are an important direction for the development of the next generation of electronic products, which requires that the components in the product also need to be flexible. Moreover, the potential of functional all solid state batteries is far more than flexible batteries. Through optimization of battery material structure, transparent batteries can be made, or stretchable batteries with a stretching range of 300% can be made.
Leading enterprises in the battery industry, such as Toyota, Panasonic, Samsung, Mitsubishi and Ningde Times in China, have actively deployed the reserve research and development of solid-state batteries. Comparatively speaking, Bollor é of France, Sakti3 of the United States and Toyota of Japan have higher technical maturity and deeper technical precipitation. These three companies also represent the typical technology development direction of polymer, oxide and sulfide solid electrolytes.
What is an all solid state battery?
Generally speaking, an all solid state battery is one in which there is no gas or liquid and all materials exist in solid state.
What are the advantages of solid-state batteries?
1. High energy density
After the use of all solid state electrolyte, the applicable material system of lithium ion battery will also change. One of the core points is that it is not necessary to use lithium embedded graphite anode, but directly use metal lithium as the anode, which can significantly reduce the amount of anode material, and significantly improve the energy density of the entire battery.
Compared with ordinary lithium-ion batteries, the energy density of all solid state batteries can be greatly improved: now, in many laboratories, all solid state batteries with an energy density of 300-400Wh/kg can be trial produced on a small scale.
2. Small size
With the increase of energy density, the volume of the battery will become smaller and smaller. In traditional lithium-ion batteries, separators and electrolytes need to be used, which together account for nearly 40% of the volume and 25% of the mass of the battery. If they are replaced by solid electrolytes (mainly organic and inorganic ceramic materials), the distance between positive and negative electrodes (traditionally filled by membrane electrolyte, now filled by solid electrolyte) can be shortened to a few to ten microns, so the thickness of the cell can be greatly reduced - therefore, all solid state battery technology is the only way to miniaturize and thin-film batteries.(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
3. Security
The operating temperature range of solid state lithium battery is wider. Even if there is a local short circuit, only the polymer melts and becomes an insulator after melting. If thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the battery will increase. Because the melting temperature of lithium metal is 180 degrees, even if it reaches 180 degrees, after lithium is melted, a space will be left for making the battery cell, and lithium metal can go to the reserved place.
Even the most rigorous puncture test did not exceed the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium battery.
4. The prospect of flexibility
The all solid state battery can be further optimized to become a flexible battery. By using appropriate packaging materials, the battery can withstand hundreds to thousands of times of bending to ensure that the performance is basically not degraded. In fact, flexible electronic devices represented by various wearable devices are an important direction for the development of the next generation of electronic products, which requires that the components in the product also need to be flexible. Moreover, the potential of functional all solid state batteries is far more than flexible batteries. Through optimization of battery material structure, transparent batteries can be made, or stretchable batteries with a stretching range of 300% can be made.
Leading enterprises in the battery industry, such as Toyota, Panasonic, Samsung, Mitsubishi and Ningde Times in China, have actively deployed the reserve research and development of solid-state batteries. Comparatively speaking, Bollor é of France, Sakti3 of the United States and Toyota of Japan have higher technical maturity and deeper technical precipitation. These three companies also represent the typical technology development direction of polymer, oxide and sulfide solid electrolytes.
